Ajv: Another JSON schema validator

Super fast JSON validator for Node.js and browser.

Supports JSON Schema draft-06/07/2019-09/2020-12 (draft-04 is supported in version 6) and JSON Type Definition RFC8927.

Platinum sponsors

Using version 7

Ajv version 7 has these new features:

NEW: support of JSON Type Definition RFC8927 (from v7.1.0), including generation of serializers and parsers from JTD schemas that are more efficient than native JSON serialization/parsing, combining JSON string parsing and validation in one function.
support of JSON Schema draft-2019-09 features: unevaluatedProperties and unevaluatedItems, dynamic recursive references and other additional keywords.
to reduce the mistakes in JSON schemas and unexpected validation results, strict mode is added - it prohibits ignored or ambiguous JSON Schema elements.
to make code injection from untrusted schemas impossible, code generation is fully re-written to be safe and to allow code optimization (compiled schema code size is reduced by more than 10%).
to simplify Ajv extensions, the new keyword API that is used by pre-defined keywords is available to user-defined keywords - it is much easier to define any keywords now, especially with subschemas. ajv-keywords package was updated to use the new API (in v4.0.0)
schemas are compiled to ES6 code (ES5 code generation is also supported with an option).
to improve reliability and maintainability the code is migrated to TypeScript.

Please note:

the support for JSON-Schema draft-04 is removed - if you have schemas using "id" attributes you have to replace them with "$id" (or continue using Ajv v6 that will be supported until 02/28/2021).
all formats are separated to ajv-formats package - they have to be explicitly added if you use them.

See release notes for the details.

To install the new version:

npm install ajv

See Getting started for code example.

Contributing

More than 100 people contributed to Ajv, and we would love to have you join the development. We welcome implementing new features that will benefit many users and ideas to improve our documentation.

At Ajv, we are committed to creating more equitable and inclusive spaces for our community and team members to contribute to discussions that affect both this project and our ongoing work in the open source ecosystem.

We strive to create an environment of respect and healthy discourse by setting standards for our interactions and we expect it from all members of our community - from long term project member to first time visitor. For more information, review our code of conduct and values.

How we make decisions

We value conscious curation of our library size, and balancing performance and functionality. To that end, we cannot accept every suggestion. When evaluating pull requests we consider:

Will this benefit many users or a niche use case?
How will this impact the performance of Ajv?
How will this expand our library size?

To help us evaluate and understand, when you submit an issue and pull request:

Explain why this feature is important to the user base
Include documentation
Include test coverage with any new feature implementations

Please include documentation and test coverage with any new feature implementations.

To run tests:

npm install
git submodule update --init
npm test

npm run build - compiles typescript to dist folder.

Please also review Contributing guidelines and Code components.

Mozilla MOSS grant and OpenJS Foundation

Ajv has been awarded a grant from Mozilla’s Open Source Support (MOSS) program in the “Foundational Technology” track! It will sponsor the development of Ajv support of JSON Schema version 2019-09 and of JSON Type Definition (RFC8927).

Ajv also joined OpenJS Foundation – having this support will help ensure the longevity and stability of Ajv for all its users.

This blog post has more details.

I am looking for the long term maintainers of Ajv – working with ReadySet, also sponsored by Mozilla, to establish clear guidelines for the role of a "maintainer" and the contribution standards, and to encourage a wider, more inclusive, contribution from the community.

Please sponsor Ajv development

Since I asked to support Ajv development 40 people and 6 organizations contributed via GitHub and OpenCollective - this support helped receiving the MOSS grant!

Your continuing support is very important - the funds will be used to develop and maintain Ajv once the next major version is released.

Please sponsor Ajv via:

GitHub sponsors page (GitHub will match it)
Ajv Open Collective️

Thank you.

Open Collective sponsors

Performance

Ajv generates code to turn JSON Schemas into super-fast validation functions that are efficient for v8 optimization.

Currently Ajv is the fastest and the most standard compliant validator according to these benchmarks:

json-schema-benchmark - 50% faster than the second place
jsck benchmark - 20-190% faster
z-schema benchmark
themis benchmark

Performance of different validators by json-schema-benchmark:

Features

Ajv implements JSON Schema draft-06/07/2019-09/2020-12 standards (draft-04 is supported in v6):
- all validation keywords (see JSON Schema validation keywords)
- OpenAPI extensions:
  - NEW: keyword discriminator.
  - keyword nullable.
- full support of schema references (remote schemas have to be added with addSchema or compiled to be available)
- support of circular references between schemas
- correct string lengths for strings with unicode pairs
- formats defined by JSON Schema standard (with ajv-formats plugin) and additional formats (can be turned off)
- validates schemas against meta-schema
NEW: supports JSON Type Definition:
- all forms (see JSON Type Definition schema forms)
- meta-schema for JTD schemas
- "union" keyword and user-defined keywords (can be used inside "metadata" member of the schema)
supports browsers and Node.js 0.10-14.x
asynchronous loading of referenced schemas during compilation
"All errors" validation mode with option allErrors
error messages with parameters describing error reasons to allow error message generation
i18n error messages support with ajv-i18n package
removing-additional-properties
assigning defaults to missing properties and items
coercing data to the types specified in type keywords
user-defined keywords
draft-06/07 keywords const, contains, propertyNames and if/then/else
draft-06 boolean schemas (true/false as a schema to always pass/fail).
additional extension keywords with ajv-keywords package
$data reference to use values from the validated data as values for the schema keywords
asynchronous validation of user-defined formats and keywords

Install

To install version 7:

npm install ajv

Getting started

Try it in the Node.js REPL: https://runkit.com/npm/ajv

In JavaScript:

// or ESM/TypeScript import
import Ajv from "ajv"
// Node.js require:
const Ajv = require("ajv")

const ajv = new Ajv() // options can be passed, e.g. {allErrors: true}
const validate = ajv.compile(schema)
const valid = validate(data)
if (!valid) console.log(validate.errors)

See more examples in Guide: getting started

Extending Ajv

User defined keywords

See section in data validation and the detailed guide.

Plugins

Ajv can be extended with plugins that add keywords, formats or functions to process generated code. When such plugin is published as npm package it is recommended that it follows these conventions:

it exports a function that accepts ajv instance as the first parameter - it allows using plugins with ajv-cli.
this function returns the same instance to allow chaining.
this function can accept an optional configuration as the second parameter.

You can import Plugin interface from ajv if you use Typescript.

If you have published a useful plugin please submit a PR to add it to the next section.

Related packages

ajv-bsontype - plugin to validate mongodb's bsonType formats
ajv-cli - command line interface
ajv-formats - formats defined in JSON Schema specification
ajv-errors - plugin for defining error messages in the schema
ajv-i18n - internationalised error messages
ajv-istanbul - plugin to instrument generated validation code to measure test coverage of your schemas
ajv-keywords - plugin with additional validation keywords (select, typeof, etc.)
ajv-merge-patch - plugin with keywords $merge and $patch
ajv-formats-draft2019 - format validators for draft2019 that aren't included in ajv-formats (ie. idn-hostname, idn-email, iri, iri-reference and duration)

Some packages using Ajv

webpack - a module bundler. Its main purpose is to bundle JavaScript files for usage in a browser
jsonscript-js - the interpreter for JSONScript - scripted processing of existing endpoints and services
osprey-method-handler - Express middleware for validating requests and responses based on a RAML method object, used in osprey - validating API proxy generated from a RAML definition
har-validator - HTTP Archive (HAR) validator
jsoneditor - a web-based tool to view, edit, format, and validate JSON http://jsoneditoronline.org
JSON Schema Lint - a web tool to validate JSON/YAML document against a single JSON Schema http://jsonschemalint.com
objection - SQL-friendly ORM for Node.js
table - formats data into a string table
ripple-lib - a JavaScript API for interacting with Ripple in Node.js and the browser
restbase - distributed storage with REST API & dispatcher for backend services built to provide a low-latency & high-throughput API for Wikipedia / Wikimedia content
hippie-swagger - Hippie wrapper that provides end to end API testing with swagger validation
react-form-controlled - React controlled form components with validation
rabbitmq-schema - a schema definition module for RabbitMQ graphs and messages
@query/schema - stream filtering with a URI-safe query syntax parsing to JSON Schema
chai-ajv-json-schema - chai plugin to us JSON Schema with expect in mocha tests
grunt-jsonschema-ajv - Grunt plugin for validating files against JSON Schema
extract-text-webpack-plugin - extract text from bundle into a file
electron-builder - a solution to package and build a ready for distribution Electron app
addons-linter - Mozilla Add-ons Linter
gh-pages-generator - multi-page site generator converting markdown files to GitHub pages
ESLint - the pluggable linting utility for JavaScript and JSX
Spectral - the customizable linting utility for JSON/YAML, OpenAPI, AsyncAPI, and JSON Schema

Changes history

See https://github.com/ajv-validator/ajv/releases

Please note: Changes in version 7.0.0

Version 6.0.0.

Code of conduct

Please review and follow the Code of conduct.

Please report any unacceptable behaviour to ajv.validator@gmail.com - it will be reviewed by the project team.

Security contact

To report a security vulnerability, please use the Tidelift security contact. Tidelift will coordinate the fix and disclosure. Please do NOT report security vulnerabilities via GitHub issues.

Open-source software support

Ajv is a part of Tidelift subscription - it provides a centralised support to open-source software users, in addition to the support provided by software maintainers.